Pipe roughness identification of water distribution networks: A Tensor method

The identification of pipe roughnesses in a water distribution network is formulated as nonlinear system algebraic equations which turns out to be demanding solve under real-world circumstances. This paper proposes an enhanced technique numerically this problem, extending the conventional Newton–Raphson approach with second-order derivatives determination search direction. Despite requirement equation obtain direction, application Hadamard/Schur product operator enables resulting formulation represented compactly and thus facilitates development efficient more robust solving-technique. Algorithms on basis solving method are then compared customized simulation examples.